ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ ВОЛОКОННОЙ ОПТИКИ В ГЕОФИЗИКЕ
Институт теории прогноза землетрясений и математической геофизики РАН
Журнал: Наука и технологические разработки
Том: 104
Номер: 1
Год: 2025
Страницы: 3-34
УДК: 550.34.038.4
DOI: 10.21455/std2025.1-1
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Кислов К.В. ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ ВОЛОКОННОЙ ОПТИКИ В ГЕОФИЗИКЕ // Наука и технологические разработки. 2025. Т. 104. № 1. С. 3-34. DOI: 10.21455/std2025.1-1
@article{КисловПРИМЕНЕНИЕ2025,
author = "Кислов, К. В.",
title = "ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ ВОЛОКОННОЙ ОПТИКИ В ГЕОФИЗИКЕ",
journal = "Наука и технологические разработки",
year = 2025,
volume = "104",
number = "1",
pages = "3-34",
doi = "10.21455/std2025.1-1",
language = "Russian"
}
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Ключевые слова: оптоволокно, оптоволоконные датчики, сейсмические приборы
Аннотация: Исторически сложилось, что геофизики постоянно участвовали в проектировании, испытаниях, сравнении и калибровке приборов. Так, сейсмологам приходилось становиться механиками, электронщиками, вакуумщиками, химиками, метрологами и т.д.; теперь настало и время волоконной оптики. Оптическое волокно было изобретено для передачи информации на большие расстояния с чрезвычайно высокими скоростями передачи и пропускной способностью. Однако это не ограничивает сферу его применения: на основе оптических кабелей разрабатывается множество различных датчиков, причем используются эффекты, с которыми приходилось бороться при передаче информации. Рассеяние и отражение, интерференция и вращение поляризации относятся к числу таких эффектов. Цель статьи – представить общие принципы, на которых основаны применения оптоволокна в геофизике, проиллюстрировать их интересными, на взгляд автора, примерами и снабдить ссылками, по которым можно провести углубленное изучение той или иной темы. В статье рассмотрены точечные волоконные датчики для измерения ускорения, температуры, давления, вращения, деформации и акустического давления; датчики, организованные в сейсмические косы и кабели SMART; бесконтактные подключения датчиков к оптоволокну; системы распределенных и квазираспределенных измерений, а также сверхдлинные системы, в которых чувствительным элементом выступает сам оптоволоконный кабель длиной в тысячи километров или его отдельные пролеты между ретрансляторами.
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