Geophysical research: article

SEARCH FOR PULSED ULTRALOW-FREQUENCY ELECTROMAGNETIC EARTHQUAKE PRECURSORS
V.A. Martines-Bedenko 1 V.A. Pilipenko 1,2 K. Shiokawa 3 V.A. Kasimova 4
1 Schmidt Institute of Physics of the Earth, Russian Academy of Sciences 2 Geophysical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences 3 Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University 4 Kamchatka Branch of Geophysical Survey, Russian Academy of Sciences, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky
Journal: Geophysical research
Tome: 24
Number: 2
Year: 2023
Pages: 5-24
UDK: 550.344
DOI: 10.21455/gr2023.2-1
Full text
Keywords: earthquakes, electromagnetic signals, earthquake precursors, thunderstorms, magnetic impulses, Schumann resonantor
Аnnotation: Numerous publications have appeared in the literature describing a new seismo-electromagnetic effect – the appearance of magnetic pulses with a duration of 1–40 s, which are detected at distances up to ten thousand km several minutes before earthquakes of even low magnitude. An assumption was made about the universality of the processes of impulse precursor generation and the fundamental possibility of a short-term (several minutes) warning of an approaching earthquake. In the presented article, the possibility of the appear- ance of ultra-low-frequency pulses that precede seismic events with magnitudes M>5.0, according to the data of a network of induction magnetometers in the Far East, is investigated. In the records of these highly sensitive magnetometers, impulse disturbances are constantly encountered, some of which are observed synchronously at several stations, which eliminates the influence of local noise. The spectral maximum of about 7–8 Hz of the oscillatory structure, which manifests itself in many pulses, corresponds to the fundamental frequency of the Schumann resonator. A comparison of magnetic observations with data from the WWLLN (World Wide Lightning Location Network) showed that some of the pulses were caused by lightning discharges in the 650 km vicinity of magnetic station. Despite the fact that some of the impulses are observed immediately before earth- quakes, it is impossible to speak with confidence about their connection with seismic activity. The calculation of the number of impulses in the 5-min interval before and after the seismic shock shows that they are randomly distributed relative to the moment of the earthquake. Apparently, the pulses are predominantly due to the iono-spheric response to a far lightning discharge.
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